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KMID : 0602720040080010072
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Implantology
2004 Volume.8 No. 1 p.72 ~ p.96
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The changes of the bone surrounding the dental implant with the surface treated by bone matrix and growth factors with bone formation
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Oh Young-Su
Choe Mok-Gyun
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Abstract
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There are large number of researches on the bone responses around various titanium implant materials which have been used for oral & maxillofacial reconstruction and dental prosthesis. Among others, researches on the early bone healing and bone-implant integration are very important. The knowledge of the biologic responses in the bone healing process around dental implants is insufficient up to now, especially in the effects of surface treatment of implant with growth factors or matrix proteins. Recently, growth factors-insulin-like growth factor (IGF), fibroblast growth factor (FGF), bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-were used to accelerate bone healing process and to get increased bone implant contact early. Several growth factors are involved in the bone regeneration, and administration of these growth factors leads to bone growth. But, the results of the investigations were controversial, especially in clinical applications, and bone matrix and growth factors have been known to have wide ranges of interactions. The purpose of this study was to investigate the changes of growth factors and bone matrix related materials associated with bone growth response and bone matrix protein production during the healing process of the bone surrounding the surface treated implant by bone matrix protein and growth factors associated with bone formation. Osteonectin, which is a matrix protein, and collagen mixture were coated on the titanium implant surface, the growth factors associated with bone-IGF, FGF, and BMP-were added, and the bone cell differentiation process on titanium surface was observed in vitro. After screw-type titanium implants, which is treated with bone matrix (ON) and growth factor, were installed to tibia of skeletally matured New Zealand white rabbits weighing 2.5 and 3.0kg, the changes of bone matrix protein distribution were observed at different time periods (3 days, 1 wk, 2 wks) by immunohistochemistric methods, and the properties of bone ingrowth and remodeling process in vivo were observed by histomorthometric methods. The Results were as follows ; 1. Matrix mixture coating (collagen-ON) showed more increased bone differentiation and formation than surface coating with collagen only. This may result from the fact that ON may bind to the growth factors, with increased local concentration of the growth factors and prolonged half-life of the growth factors. 2. Collagen coated or matrix mixture (collagen-ON) coated surface showed increased protein production and ALP activity, and the additional growth factortreated surfaces showed further increase in the activities. BMP and matrix mixture showed statistically significant increase in the ALP activities (P>0.05). 3. Growth factor and matrix mixture coated implant showed early bone proliferation and formation, and increased bone density around the implant. 4. Among the growth factors used in this study, BMP showed most effective in the proliferation and differentiation of bone cells. This may enhance the further long-term remodeling and maturation of the bone. These results suggested that the matrix protein mixture and various combination of growth factors could be used as components of the surface treatment for the titanium implant.
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KEYWORD
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implant, collagen, osteonectin(ON), IGF, FGF, BMP, PDGF
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